Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering

Nanotechnology in Civil Engineering

Nanomaterials as a field can be defined as a study of materials with morphological features on the nanoscale, especially those that have special properties stemming from the nanoscale dimensions.In various fields such as construction, medicine, automobile industry, energy, telecommunications and informatics were plays an important role. Carbon nanotubes, Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticals, Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticals, Zinc Oxide Nanoparticals, and many more nanomaterials are used in Constructions and all other major fields under Civil Engineering. And also now this nanotechnology is used in Highways that means Road constructions. Then the optimization of material behavior and significantly improves mechanical properties of pavements like durability, skid resistance, etc., by using Nanomaterials to give good aesthetics, self-cleaning glasses and more properties. Furthermore, nano-cement and nano-paint are introduced as the outstanding representations. The main advantage of nanomaterials in Civil Engineering is the Eco-friendly, the cement and concrete reduces the emission of Carbon Dioxide. So that the Global Warming is minimized. 

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TECTONIC PLATES

Close examination of a globe often results in the observation that most of the continents seem to fit together like a puzzle: the west African coastline seems to snuggle nicely into the east coast of South America and the Caribbean sea; and a similar fit appears across the Pacific.  The fit is even more striking when the submerged continental shelves are compared rather than the coastlines.  undefinedIn 1912 Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) noticed the same thing and proposed that the continents were once compressed into a single protocontinent which he called Pangaea (meaning "all lands"), and over time they have drifted apart into their current distribution. He believed that Pangaea was intact until the late  Carboniferous period, about 300 million years ago, when it began to break up and drift apart. However, Wegener's hypothesis lacked a geological mechanism to explain how the continents could drift across the earths surface as he proposed.

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